Driving off-highway vehicles (OHVs) is a beloved pastime for many outdoor enthusiasts, and side-by-sides—often called UTVs (Utility Task Vehicles)—are becoming increasingly popular for both work and recreation. However, if you want to explore beyond designated trails and private property, you may be asking yourself: Can you drive a side-by-side on the road in Minnesota?
This question arises frequently among Minnesotans and visitors who enjoy venturing out on their UTVs. Minnesota’s laws regarding road usage for side-by-sides can be complex, so it’s crucial to know the regulations before hitting the pavement. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll delve into everything you need to know about the legality of driving a side-by-side on the road in Minnesota, any necessary modifications, insurance requirements, safety considerations, and much more. By the end, you’ll have a solid understanding of what it takes to confidently and legally drive a side-by-side in the Land of 10,000 Lakes.
Table of Contents
1. Understanding Side-by-Sides and Their Classification in Minnesota
Before we address the question, “Can you drive a side-by-side on the road in Minnesota?” it helps to understand how state law defines these vehicles. In Minnesota, side-by-sides—often called UTVs—generally fall under the broader category of ATVs or OHVs depending on their weight, seating capacity, and intended usage. They are typically larger than standard ATVs, feature side-by-side seating for two or more passengers, come equipped with steering wheels (instead of handlebars), and may also include safety features such as roll cages and seat belts.
In legal terms, the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (DNR) and the Minnesota statutes often classify these side-by-side vehicles in one of two ATV categories:
- Class 1 ATV: Typically under 1,200 pounds (dry weight) and 50 inches or less in width.
- Class 2 ATV: Usually heavier (between 1,200 and 1,800 pounds dry weight), and more than 50 inches but less than 65 inches in width.
Many side-by-sides meet the definition of a Class 2 ATV. However, weight limits can vary depending on brand, modifications, and specific model. Confirm the classification of your side-by-side with official documents or by consulting the Minnesota DNR.
2. Can You Drive a Side-by-Side on the Road in Minnesota? A General Overview
The short answer to whether you can drive a side-by-side on the road in Minnesota is: It depends. Under Minnesota state law, generally speaking, ATVs and UTVs, including side-by-sides, are not considered traditional street-legal vehicles. In most cases, these vehicles must stay on designated trails, private land with permission, or road shoulders/trails authorized for ATV usage.
However, there are specific circumstances under which local jurisdictions or counties may allow side-by-sides or ATVs on public roads—often local, rural, or county roads. Certain municipalities have adopted ordinances permitting limited on-road usage of Class 2 ATVs, especially in rural or agricultural areas.
This means you may be able to legally drive a side-by-side on public roads, but only if:
- The road is specifically designated or permitted for ATV usage.
- You (and your vehicle) meet all the conditions laid out by local authorities, such as having the proper safety equipment and registration.
- You follow any posted signs or special rules regarding speed, lane usage, or lighting.
To summarize, while Minnesota law does not automatically allow you to drive a side-by-side on every city street or highway, some jurisdictions do offer exceptions. If you’re located in or traveling to a county or city that has passed an ordinance permitting side-by-sides on certain roads, you may be able to drive legally under prescribed conditions.
3. Local Ordinances: Why They Matter
If you’re determined to drive your side-by-side on the road in Minnesota, understanding local ordinances is paramount. Each city or county has the right to adopt its own regulations on ATV use on public roads, provided these rules do not conflict with overarching state requirements.
- County Roads: Many rural counties have recognized the practicality of using side-by-sides on county roads—especially for agricultural or other functional purposes. Thus, they may pass ordinances allowing you to drive your UTV on the shoulder or in the right-hand lane of specific county highways. Speed limits often apply, and side-by-sides may need to display headlights and taillights at all times.
- City Streets: Cities might permit side-by-sides on certain streets, often with restrictions on speed limits, operating hours, or designated routes (like around city limits or on the outskirts).
- Township Roads: In very rural areas, township roads might have fewer restrictions. However, it’s still wise to confirm with township officials, as local rules can vary significantly.
Because these ordinances vary so widely, the best first step is to check with your county government or local city hall for specific guidelines. You can also consult the Minnesota DNR’s website or contact them directly for relevant information.
4. Requirements for Side-by-Side Street Legality
When local laws do permit limited street usage, side-by-side owners typically must meet certain equipment and usage standards. Here are some common requirements you’ll encounter if you want to drive your side-by-side on the road in Minnesota:
- Registration and Licensing
- All ATVs, including side-by-sides, must be properly registered with the Minnesota DNR if they are to be operated on public property.
- While you might not need a traditional “license plate” as you would for a car, you’ll need to display your ATV registration decal.
- The operator may need a valid driver’s license or ATV Safety Certificate depending on age, location, and local ordinance.
- Insurance
- In some jurisdictions, you must carry liability insurance for your side-by-side if it’s being driven on public roads. This is to ensure coverage in the event of accidents or damage.
- Requirements may vary, so confirm with your insurance provider about coverage specifics.
- Required Safety Equipment
- Headlights: You’ll need functioning headlights for any potential on-road usage, often required to be turned on at all times for visibility.
- Taillights and Brake Lights: Similarly, working taillights and brake lights are typically required so that other motorists can clearly see your vehicle’s movements.
- Turn Signals (If Required): Some local ordinances mandate turn signals for on-road side-by-side usage, even though these vehicles aren’t typically manufactured with turn signals. Aftermarket modifications are often possible to meet this requirement.
- Mirrors: In many areas, a rearview mirror or side mirrors are required to ensure you can see traffic around you.
- Horn: Some jurisdictions require a horn that can be heard from a certain distance.
- Windshield or Eye Protection: Certain local rules stipulate a windshield, whereas others accept the use of DOT-approved helmets and/or goggles or face shields.
- Seat Belts: If your side-by-side is designed with seat belts, you should always use them—and in certain areas, it’s mandatory.
- Age Restrictions and Licensing
- In Minnesota, anyone born after July 1, 1987, is generally required to complete an ATV safety course to operate an ATV on public land or road rights-of-way.
- Operators under a certain age may need direct adult supervision.
- Some local jurisdictions might have additional age stipulations for side-by-side operation on roads.
- Speed Limits
- Even if on-road usage is allowed, speed limits will likely be lower for side-by-sides than the posted limit for cars.
- Often, you’re required to drive on the extreme right side of the roadway or on the shoulder, if available, especially if the posted speed limit is above a certain threshold.
Ensuring your side-by-side meets these requirements is a critical part of answering the question “Can you drive a side-by-side on the road in Minnesota?” because even if local ordinances allow it, you must be in compliance with equipment, registration, and safety guidelines.
5. Exceptions and Special Situations
5.1 Agricultural Usage
Minnesota is known for its strong agricultural heritage, and many farmers and ranchers use side-by-sides to traverse their land or transport supplies. Under certain conditions, farmers might be permitted to operate UTVs on public roads for agricultural tasks—such as crossing a county road from one field to another or short-distance usage for farm-related chores. While these exceptions exist, you should still confirm the details with your county or local law enforcement. You may need to have signage, lights, or flags on your side-by-side to ensure visibility when crossing or traveling on roads.
5.2 Snow Removal and Other Municipal Tasks
Some municipalities allow side-by-sides for snow removal or other maintenance tasks on or near roads, provided the vehicle is equipped with plows or other specialized equipment and the operator follows specific safety protocols. This usually applies to local government workers or those under contract with the city or township. Nonetheless, these vehicles still must meet safety equipment requirements, including proper lights, to be operated near traffic.
5.3 Trail Connectors and Short Distances
In some parts of Minnesota, especially in the northern regions where off-highway vehicle trails are abundant, short sections of local roads might act as connectors between trails. In such areas, local authorities may permit side-by-side usage on the road for the explicit purpose of traveling from one trail to another. Typically, this usage is limited to a certain distance—sometimes just a mile or two. You should check local regulations and posted signage to confirm if road travel is allowed.
6. Potential Consequences of Illegal On-Road Side-by-Side Use
Even if your intentions are innocent, driving your side-by-side on the road in Minnesota without proper authorization can lead to serious consequences. Law enforcement agencies—and even state conservation officers—can issue citations if you’re caught operating an ATV or UTV where you shouldn’t be. Possible repercussions include:
- Tickets and Fines: Violations of ATV operation laws can lead to monetary penalties, which vary by jurisdiction and severity.
- Impoundment: In more extreme cases, law enforcement could impound your side-by-side.
- Increased Insurance Costs: If you’re cited for illegally operating a side-by-side, any future insurance coverage for your vehicle may become more expensive.
- Legal Liability: If you cause an accident while operating your UTV illegally on a public road, you may face significant legal and financial responsibilities, especially if you lack adequate insurance coverage.
To avoid these consequences, always verify local regulations and equip your side-by-side properly if you plan to use it anywhere near public roads.
7. Tips for Safely Operating a Side-by-Side in Minnesota
Whether you’re traveling on a legal, designated section of public road or sticking to private property and official trails, safety is crucial. Here are some essential tips:
- Wear Appropriate Safety Gear
- Even if your side-by-side has a roll cage, wearing a DOT-approved helmet is recommended—especially for younger riders.
- Eye protection is vital; goggles or glasses can protect you from dust, debris, and insects.
- Gloves, boots, and protective clothing provide additional protection.
- Perform Regular Maintenance
- Check tire pressure, brakes, fluid levels, and lights before each ride. Proper maintenance ensures that your vehicle runs efficiently and safely.
- Keep a toolkit onboard for minor fixes.
- Use Seat Belts and Safety Restraints
- If your side-by-side is equipped with seat belts, use them.
- Keep arms and legs within the vehicle to avoid injuries in case of a rollover or collision.
- Ride Sober
- Operating a side-by-side under the influence of alcohol or drugs is not only illegal, it’s extremely dangerous for you, your passengers, and others around you.
- Practice Defensive Driving
- If you’re on a designated roadway, stay as far right as possible.
- Be vigilant about blind corners and narrow routes on trails.
- Adhere to posted speed limits and trail rules.
- Check Weather and Trail Conditions
- Minnesota’s weather can be unpredictable. If you’re venturing onto roads or trails, be mindful of ice, snow, mud, or flooded areas.
- Riding in hazardous conditions can significantly increase the risk of accidents.
8. Modifications to Make Your Side-by-Side Street-Legal
If your local ordinance in Minnesota does allow limited on-road usage of side-by-sides, you may still need to make specific modifications to comply with state or municipal regulations. Common upgrades or additions include:
- Installation of Turn Signals: Available as aftermarket kits, these are fairly easy to install and typically include a switch on the steering wheel or dash, plus front and rear signal lights.
- DOT-Approved Tires: Many side-by-sides come with off-road tires only. If your jurisdiction requires street-legal tires, you’ll need to swap them out or keep a spare set for road usage.
- Windshield or Windshield Wiper: Some places require at least a half windshield. A full windshield with a wiper might be mandatory in certain weather conditions.
- Rear-View or Side Mirrors: These are often required to provide visibility to the sides and rear of your vehicle.
- Reflectors: Adding side and rear reflectors can improve visibility at night or in low-light conditions.
Always confirm with local law enforcement or a county office before investing in these modifications, as regulations can vary significantly even between neighboring counties.
9. Planning Trips and Routes for On-Road UTV Travel
If you do find yourself in a Minnesota region that permits side-by-side on-road usage, you’ll likely need to plan your routes carefully:
- Route Research
- Study maps that indicate off-road trails, county roads, and city streets where ATV travel is allowed.
- County and city websites often provide maps and guidelines.
- Check for Seasonal Closures
- Some routes may close during certain months or under particular weather conditions.
- Snowmobile trails can sometimes be used by UTVs in the off-season, but not always.
- Verify Any Permit Requirements
- Some localities may require a special permit in addition to your standard ATV registration. Ensure you have all the necessary documentation.
- Group Riding Etiquette
- If you’re riding with a group, discuss communication methods (hand signals, radios, etc.).
- Maintain a safe following distance to avoid collisions on the road.
- Inform Someone of Your Plans
- Let a friend or family member know your route and expected return time, especially if you’re traveling in remote areas.
10. Insurance Considerations for On-Road Side-by-Side Usage
If you can legally drive a side-by-side on the road in Minnesota, having the right insurance coverage is crucial. Standard ATV insurance often covers off-road usage, but not all policies extend to on-road coverage. Speak with an insurance agent to confirm:
- Liability Coverage: This covers property damage or bodily injury you might cause to others while operating your side-by-side.
- Collision and Comprehensive: These coverage options protect your vehicle from damage due to collisions, theft, or other risks.
- Uninsured/Underinsured Motorist: If another driver is at fault and lacks sufficient insurance, this coverage can protect you.
Rates and requirements vary by insurance provider, so it’s wise to compare policies. Showing documentation that your side-by-side is street legal (proper lighting, registration, etc.) might help you secure better coverage or lower premiums.
11. FAQs About Side-by-Sides on Minnesota Roads
Q1. Are side-by-sides street legal in Minnesota by default?
No. While some states have more lenient laws, Minnesota does not automatically grant side-by-sides street-legal status. In most areas, these vehicles must stay off public roads unless local ordinances allow them.
Q2. Do I need a driver’s license to operate a side-by-side on a road?
Yes, in most cases. If local regulations allow road usage, a valid driver’s license is typically required, or you may need an ATV safety certificate if you’re under a certain age.
Q3. Are helmets required for side-by-side operators on public roads in Minnesota?
Helmets are strongly recommended for everyone, but they’re required for riders under 18. Always check local ordinances for any additional rules regarding helmets or protective gear.
Q4. Can I drive my side-by-side on the highway in Minnesota?
Generally, no. Highways, freeways, and interstates are strictly off-limits for ATVs and side-by-sides, except for crossing at an authorized intersection or for specific agricultural or emergency operations.
Q5. Are there any special rules for Class 1 vs. Class 2 ATVs?
Yes. While both are considered ATVs, Class 2 vehicles are heavier and wider, and local regulations sometimes treat them differently. Always confirm with local law enforcement.
12. The Future of Side-by-Sides on Minnesota Roads
As off-highway vehicle popularity grows, more Minnesotans are wondering if the law will change to allow broader on-road usage. Certain rural counties already permit limited usage due to community interest or agricultural demands, and it’s possible more regions will follow suit.
However, any significant statewide change would likely require legislative action or policy shifts within the Minnesota DNR. The best approach is to stay updated on proposed legislation and local discussions if you’d like to see expansions of road access for side-by-sides. Joining local ATV and UTV clubs can also help you stay informed about upcoming changes or advocacy efforts.
13. Final Thoughts: Making an Informed Choice
So, can you drive a side-by-side on the road in Minnesota? The complete answer depends on local ordinances, equipment requirements, and your preparedness to operate your UTV under strict guidelines. While Minnesota state law generally prohibits ATVs and side-by-sides from being driven on roads, exceptions do exist in certain counties, cities, and townships. To remain legal and safe:
- Check Local Rules: Contact your county or city government, and consult the Minnesota DNR website for the most up-to-date information.
- Register and Insure: Make sure you have current ATV registration and appropriate insurance coverage if on-road travel is permitted.
- Meet Equipment Standards: Install any required safety and signaling devices, such as turn signals, mirrors, or horns.
- Ride Responsibly: Follow speed limits, practice defensive driving, and always respect the rights of other road users and property owners.
Adhering to these steps ensures you not only stay on the right side of the law, but also protect yourself, your passengers, and others on the road. Whether you’re using your side-by-side for farm work, a scenic local ride, or simple convenience, being informed and proactive is the key to a safe and enjoyable experience.
Key Takeaways
- Local Ordinances: Determine if your city or county allows on-road side-by-side usage.
- Equipment: Ensure you have the required lights, mirrors, turn signals, and other safety features.
- Licensing and Registration: Keep ATV registration up to date and confirm whether you need a valid driver’s license or an ATV safety certificate.
- Insurance: Confirm you have adequate liability coverage and any additional insurance required for on-road operation.
- Safe Operation: Wear protective gear, use seat belts, and follow local speed restrictions and riding protocols.
By following these guidelines, you’ll be well-prepared to answer the central question—can you drive a side-by-side on the road in Minnesota?—and to ensure that any on-road journey you take is both lawful and safe.